{"id":1227,"date":"2018-08-10T09:58:36","date_gmt":"2018-08-10T13:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/?p=1227"},"modified":"2022-03-14T17:58:45","modified_gmt":"2022-03-14T21:58:45","slug":"la-prehistoria-del-videoclip-cubano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/la-prehistoria-del-videoclip-cubano\/","title":{"rendered":"The prehistory of the Cuban video clip"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The desire to graph music, to share the way they prefigured it in moving images, was very early in the minds of the precursors of sound cinema in Cuba.\u00a0<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> They shared the same imperatives of their predecessors in other parts of the world, because the need for music in the audiovisual does not arise, in reality, with sound films, but comes from the silent cinema when by different means it was to sound the images that were projected on the screen. Remember the role played by pianists and other musicians who accompanied the screenings with their own interpretations <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in situ<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, filling the rooms and theaters with sounds where a cinematographer was able to show a life beyond reality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Cuba, those who took the first steps in this direction, probably knew of the appearance of some Cuban musicians in small filmic material made in the United States as early as the twenties, dedicated to them and produced by Vitaphone, the first film system sound created in 1926. It is remarkable that two years after Vitaphone was created, in those first attempts, it appeared in the short <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Cuban Nightingale<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Cuban soprano Carolina Segrera singing the habanera <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Eduardo S\u00e1nchez de Fuentes) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An old love<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Alfonso Esparza Otero-Adolfo Fernandez Bustamante), backed by the Buenos Aires ensemble <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Don Alberto and His Argentines<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Probably, the one of Carolina Segrera is the first appearance of a Cuban musician in a musical sound short. This hypothesis should be revised when it is possible to find the musical short that, also for Vitaphone recorded the Matamoros Trio between 1928 and 1929. The Cubans had traveled to New York in May 1928 to record 21 songs for the Victor label, among them those that they sing in the short, according to the testimony they gave in 1952 to the magazine <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bohemia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: the song <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promise<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the world famous <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are from the hill<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. According to Ciro, Cueto and Miguel, they, the Tr\u00edo Matamoros, would be the first Cuban musicians to appear in a short film produced in the USA and where, according to them, was the Segrera and the comedians <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Four Fools<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carolina Segrera, Cuban soprano. Short &quot;The Cuban Nightingale&quot; (1929)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2taXobR6e48?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And although Vitaphone, as a sound system, had a short life, nevertheless continued its business journey, assumed by Warner Bros. As continuators of the sound film industry in the United States, they continued to include Cuban musicians in small short films that included approaches to music. graphic representation of what was sung or performed or dramatizations that had to do or not with the meaning of the song. In 1930-1931 the orchestra of Don Azpiazu with his singer Antonio Mach\u00edn take to the celluloid the great <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hit<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the moment in the United States: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The manisero<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Mois\u00e9s Simons) in a short film shot in the studios <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astoria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, from New York, and produced by the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paramount<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, company that was also the owner of the theater where they were presented initially. In him, it appears singing Antonio Mach\u00edn, Daniel S\u00e1nchez in the guitar and Remberto Lara in the trumpet and interpret in addition the son <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adela<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Jos\u00e9 Figarola), the proclamation <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The manisero<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Siboney<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Ernesto Lecuona) He <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">performance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Mach\u00edn as a seller of peanut cones, his interaction with the spectators of the fictional cabaret and a scene that pretends to resemble an indigenous environment, too far from the real to take it seriously, provide the scenic-dramatic elements so that it does not end up being a musical interpretation without further connotations. In any case, the Paramount incursion in Cuban themes responded to the enormous popularity reached by the proclamation of Mois\u00e9s Simons in the United States at that time, which filled his famed theater with an audience eager to witness the art of the Cubans.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Antonio Mach\u00edn and the orch. of Don Azpiaz\u00fa. New York. 1930\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S6hYPg3QSRM?start=28&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For that same time, Vitaphone returns to the Cubans in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Havana Cocktail<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, filming in 1931 in a studio in Brooklyn, New York, Manolo Castro and his Brothers Castro Orchestra. The excellent short of 7.56 minutes, from the dramaturgy makes interact at moments to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bartenders <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with the sonority of the rhythm section of the orchestra, to then offer a peculiar and sanctified version of the classical <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St. Louis Blues <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(WC Handy), to blow maracas, bongo and segments of &quot;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The manisero<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">castings<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the piece, and that serve as a musical pretext to later interpret the complete theme with a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">performance <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0in which all the musicians participate, maracas in hand, astonishing the assistants of the simulated cabaret in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">set<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of filming.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Castro Brothers Orchestra - A Havana Cocktail. 1931 mp4\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p84FgJxqkQs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, in France, where there was also a furore for Cuban music, in October 1932 the Paramount films in his studios in Joinville, Paris, Don Azpiazu, a repeat offender in these conflicts, this time without Antonio Mach\u00edn and with a very white orchestra with unthinkable instruments for an approach to the real are or the rumba to the North America -including banjo and accordion-, in whose formation you can identify, among others, Jos\u00e9 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;Tiny&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Socarr\u00e1s, singer and bongosero; Julio Cueva and Pedro V\u00eda on trumpets. Azpiazu was also approached by the British Path\u00e9, who in London, on the same tour, filmed him live at the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leicester Square Theater<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as announced in the title of the short<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Don Azpiazu and his Cuban Ensemble,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> interpreting <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The manisero<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and an inconceivable Cuban rumba, to the use of then, stripped of the meaning and the sonority of the authentic rumba; but in this one it is only the filming of a presentation in a theater, without elements of dramaturgy, nor contributions in the edition, beyond the own <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">performanc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e from the orchestra and the Cuban dancer Alicia Parl\u00e1. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The musical cinematographic shorts enjoyed great demand among the assiduous ones to the cinemas, reason why the producing ones continue the accomplishment of these audio-visual; so in 1931 the Warner Brothers undertakes the realization of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Melody Masters,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0a series of shorts with the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">big bands<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> first line then, filmed in the Vitaphone studio and supervised by Samuel Sax. Of course, the Cubans also classified here: in June of 1937 they decided to reproduce the successful show that a Cuban orchestra with two Mexican singers presented at the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yumur\u00ed<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, one of the most famous Latin cabarets in New York: they produce <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eliseo Grenet and His Orchestra, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with the great Cuban composer, director, producer and businessman. In the credits appears Roy Mack as director and the participation of the Mexicans Ram\u00f3n Armengod, actor, and the tenor and actor Jorge Negrete, who had not yet achieved the international recognition he had after. This material is part of the film archives of the Library of Congress in Washington DC and has not yet been seen in a digital version. Something similar happens with two short films filmed by the Catalan Xavier Cugat, who are still waiting to be seen and digitized. Cugat, after passing through Cuba, assumed very early in his repertoire Cuban themes in profusion, and with sagacity he imposed them on high-night circuits. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">standing<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the United States, within the current of the so-called music <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">society, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">incorporating even Cuban singers as was the case of Miguelito Vald\u00e9s. It is known that in one of those shorts, filmed in the mid-thirties, the Cuban Nilo Men\u00e9ndez, author of the famous song, appears as pianist of the orchestra. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those green eyes.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fiction music cinema becomes a reality when the technical means that make it possible are created. Thus, short films and musical films in general appear in Latin America at the beginning of the thirties, but in Cuba it would be necessary to wait five years for their first fiction feature film to appear in sound films. The American shorts that also arrived in Cuba and were played in the tandas of the Cuban theaters along with the feature films, should have inspired those who were stubborn in making films on the Island, thinking then totally tied to music and its most renowned performers. To the point that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maracas and Bong\u00f3,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Short of only 14 minutes, it was the first fiction material with sound made in Cuba and it was nothing more than the audiovisual representation of what the ill-fated gallant Fernando Collazo sang with the Septeto Cuba and the singer and rumbera Yolanda Gonz\u00e1lez <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rayito de Sol<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Through a story of love and jealousy, a discourse in images that supported the meaning of the four musical themes: \u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vanity <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Armando Vald\u00e9s); \u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e1grimas Negras<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Miguel Matamoros), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Cumbancha<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Fernando Collazo) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maracas and Bongo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Emilio &quot;Neno&quot; Grenet) By the way, Fernando Collazo would be the first audiovisual interpretation of the classic matamorino <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e1grimas Negras<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The slowness of its rhythm and the elementary dramaturgy characterize this essentially musical short film, made by Max Tosquella in 1932 and produced by Mussie del Barrio through his company BPP (Barrio Pictures Producers).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EvsMu_fACSE<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1936 Ernesto Caparr\u00f3s made his first attempt at sound film and it is also a short musical under the title of the homonymous song by Ernesto Lecuona: \u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like lullaby of palms<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that unfortunately has not been preserved. Along the same road I would travel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tam Tam or The Origin of the Rumba,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> another short entirely musical, of 1938. This pretended, with ingenuity and little information, to represent in images the genesis and development of what they called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rumba<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as understood by the choreographer Sergio Orta and his director Ernesto Caparr\u00f3s, inspired by the show presented by the most famous cabaret of that time: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eden Concert<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But it is in 1940 when the intention to tell a story graphically a musical theme and for commercial advertising purposes is concretized for the first time: the short <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My five children,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based on the eponymous guaracha of Osvaldo Farr\u00e9s, who plays the singer and actor Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez Valencia on the film. Farr\u00e9s, who at that time was also producer and advertising manager of the La Polar brewery, moved influences and managed to finance the production of the audiovisual short film for which its director, Ernesto Caparr\u00f3s, did not find a better name than that of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musical poem<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0The musical direction was in the experienced hands of the composer Gilberto Vald\u00e9s, with notorious pieces in the afrocubano field. \u00ab<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seven minutes of success for an ad<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;, His creator called him, proud of the excellent photography and the achieved bill, according to the canons of the time. The diffusion was total, through the means then to the use: the producer decided his projection in more than ten cinemas at the same time, while in the park Maceo, like new attraction, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Polar<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> installed a large ad screen, behind which each night was projected <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My five children<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"My five children (1940) First Cuban musical short for advertising-commercial purposes.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f4Q1HEucwD4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A few months later, in 1941, the Cuban producer Saica Film made the short film <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rhythms of Cuba<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, that introduces in a greater dimension, dramaturgical and scenic elements for each one of the musical themes that compose it and a novelty in its assembly. The Casino de la Playa orchestra supports these themes: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The song of the guajiro<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (F. Fern\u00e1ndez and G. Rodr\u00edguez Fiffe), sung by Ren\u00e9 Cabel; the guaracha <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The witch of Guanabacoa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Hermenegildo C\u00e1rdenas), in the voice and style of Orlando Guerra &quot;Cascarita&quot; and the conga <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pim pam pum <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(F. Fern\u00e1ndez and G. Rodr\u00edguez Fiffe), sung and danced by the &quot;rumbera&quot; Estelita Rodr\u00edguez, in front of the Carnival comparsa <em>The Sultana<\/em>, in a grand finale to which was added the Casino de la Playa directed by Guillermo Portela. In the first theme, the director Ernesto Caparr\u00f3s appeals to shots outdoors to represent the peasant environment; in the second, the story told by the guaracha is represented, appeals to the make-up in a grotesque manner to turn all the members of the orchestra into blacks, but a &quot;novel&quot; procedure is introduced by using the frame of the referendum. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">babalawo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> inside the circumference of the leather of a bongo; in the final conga Caparr\u00f3s introduces optical effects that place the energetic rumba dancing on a giant piano, which brings novelty in editing or editing. Each of the three parts of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rhythms of Cuba,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It could have been in itself a prehistoric video clip, but it is in the final segment where there is a contribution of growth, distant, but on the way to what would later be the Cuban video clip.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Rhythms of Cuba 1941. Director: Ernesto Caparr\u00f3s\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Haob6PfIFas?start=348&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These were not the only audiovisual short films with music as a protagonist to be held in Cuba: on the contrary, according to Jos\u00e9 Gali\u00f1o, an expert in music from ICAIC, there were many different ones made by the different Cuban film producers in the 40s and early of the 50. But only those that we mentioned have been conserved until today, and there remain to regret their loss some about whose existence there are references, like the one where it says Arsenio Rodr\u00edguez appeared and that was produced as part of an electoral political campaign. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fifties invalidated the need for film shorts in 16 and 35mm, with the emergence in Cuba of the great invention: television, which filled its spaces with musical and mixed programs, where music was integrated for advertising, exhibition and of accompaniment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1964, already created the ICAIC, the production of the short <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Physicist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by a denominated <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grupo Experimental Cubanac\u00e1n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it becomes, in the words of Jos\u00e9 Gali\u00f1o, the first creative act conceived outside the vertical production scheme of the ICAIC. Cataloged by many as &quot;the first music video clip&quot;, it is not strictly speaking, in my opinion, as a continuator of the same narrative scheme: representation of the story told in the song, without the essential and sometimes protagonic role of editing or editing in the final result. Directed by Tulio Raggi, Milton Maceda and Rolando Zaragoza, with a photograph of Ra\u00fal P\u00e9rez Ureta, with the collaboration of Jorge Pucheaux and starring, among others, by Fidelina Gonz\u00e1lez, Mar\u00eda Padr\u00f3n and Luis Lacosta -all with remarkable work in Cuban cinema, but not as actors, which were not - <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Physicist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In his credits, Alberto Men\u00e9ndez, a musician with a history with the founders of the feeling, as the author of the music, emphasizes in his achievement the humorous encouragement of his putting on the screen, inserting himself, in his own right, into the prehistory of the Cuban video clip.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"First Cuban Video Clip. \u201c@LA TISICA\u201d. @1964_@ICAIC.\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E_7F2bXtJVw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That same year, Rogelio Par\u00eds, with the ICAIC, realizes what is now a classic: the documentary <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We, the music, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that gathers in independent scenes to iconic figures of the Cuban music from its more extreme manifestations, as it is the case of the Choir of Claves, Carlos Embale, Celeste Mendoza, Ignacio Villa &quot;Bola de Nieve&quot;, Elena Burke, Miguelito Cun\u00ed with the Chappott\u00edn Group and his Stars, the dance couple Silvio and Ada, and many others. Each segment, played by a musician or group, could be in itself a short that approaches the characteristics of the video clip.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Miguelito Cun\u00ed and Chappott\u00edn in &quot;We the Music&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8GrgxlTv718?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the direction of Santiago Alvarez, the short film would go down in history <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, that using only the photographic montage, by Idalberto G\u00e1lvez and Norma Torrado, would illustrate from a perspective of denunciation and protest the homonymous song interpreted by the American Lena Horne. The impact it had <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It is associated not only with the excellence of its edition but also with the current situation that it denounced at that moment: the resurgence of actions of discrimination and repression against the black population of the United States in that decade. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They tell who lived the sixties working in the ICAIC, that then, was not very well seen the obsession of Jos\u00e9 Limeres to record in the celluloid something of the most important that, in his opinion, was happening then in the Cuban music scene. The importance of his obsession is valued today, because without the audiovisuals that he made at the end of that decade we would not have praiseworthy images of several of our most important musicians: his shorts dedicated to Celeste Mendoza, the vocal quartets Los Zafiros, Meme Sol\u00eds (1966) , Los Bucaneros (1968), the D&#039;Aida Quartet in its 1968 formation and the Cuban Orchestra of Modern Music. In all these shorts, television aesthetics is present in an unequivocal way, and in the last two there is a pre-eminence of the visual aesthetic current <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">op-art<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with strong impact then on the Island. Unlike its predecessors, in no case did Limeres set out to graph what was counted in the soundtrack of these audiovisuals, but to provide a visual aesthetic with the artistic-musical interpretation.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Celeste Mendoza. Director: Jose Limeres (1964)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yfJVH9ISPsk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many internationally consider <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jailhouse Rock<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Elvis Presley, made in 1957, as the first video clip in the world, but in this way some of these Cuban and American shorts that we discussed here could also be classified as such and much more within the production in Cuba; However, such a classification would be illegitimate if we take into account what is considered today a video clip, in whose definition it is not enough to only represent in images for advertising and commercial purposes a song for its promotion and the one who interprets it, but also because the video clip it creates an aesthetic and a language of its own that, conjugating in the montage other elements, today very diverse and emanating from the unstoppable technological advance, makes it recognizable as a means of audiovisual expression. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The desire to graph music, to share the way they prefigured it in moving images, was very early in the minds of the precursors of sound cinema in Cuba.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1478,"featured_media":1237,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1766],"tags":[442,284],"coauthors":[7223],"class_list":["post-1227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos","tag-audiovisuales","tag-videoclip"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/magazineampm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Fotograma-del-videoclip-cubano-La-t%C3%ADsica-Grupo-Experimental-Cubanac%C3%A1n-ICAIC.jpg?fit=1920%2C1442&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1478"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1227"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10297,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227\/revisions\/10297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1227"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazineampm.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}